Credit Rating Agencies: Financial Duniya Ke Judges
Aap jab bank mein loan lene jaate hain, toh bank aapka 'Credit Score' (CIBIL wagera) dekhta hai ke aap ne peechlay loan wapis kiye the ya nahi. Aise he ek Global bank kisi Desh (Country) ko dekhta hai toh kya check karta hai?
Jaise aam aadmi ka hisaab (score) hota hai, waise hi poori governments aur badi multinational companies par bhi financial numbers lagay hotay hain. Inko numbers ya Grades allot karne ka kaam chand (few) private tareen companies karti hain - jinhe Credit Rating Agencies (jaise Moodys, S&P, Fitch) kehte hain.
Ye companies duniya ke har mulk ko grading deti hain jaise 'AAA' (Sabse best) ya 'C' (Bilkul kachra/Doubtful). Agar in teen (3) badi private companies ne kisi desh, for example, Pakistan ya Argentina ke Government Bonds ko kachra ('Junk' rating) de diya, toh poori duniya ke banks us desh ko naya loan nahi dete (ya bilkul unreasonable Sood par dete hain).
Asal khaufnaak baat yeh hai ke in teen Rating agencies ke paas itni global monetary power hai ke ye sirff apne computer par kisi mulk ka ek Grade girakar, puri ki puri governments gira (topple) kar sakti hain, aor investors ko mulk chodh kar bhagnay par majboor kar sakti hain.
Sochiye: Kiya kisi desh ki awaam (Public) ne vote de kar in America-based private rating companies ko azeem judges choose kiya tha ke wo unki poori economy ki qismat decide karein?
Key Takeaway
Credit Rating Agencies aisi ginti ki private companies hain jo poori duniya ke deshon ko bataati hain ke unka karz lene ka 'grade' kya hai. Inka ek rating drop kisi bhi economy ko akele hila kar rakh sakta hai.