Paisa Jo Bank Hawa Se Paida Karte Hain

Agar koi aapse pooche ke kisi bhi desh mein naya paisa kaun chhaapta hai, toh aap shayad kahenge 'Government' ya 'Reserve Bank'. Lekin yeh poora sach nahi hai. Economy ka 90% naya paisa private banks paida karte hain.

Goldsmiths ki 10 guna receipts se nikla hua trick aaj modern banking ka sabse bada hathiyar hai. Ise 'Fractional Reserve Banking' kehte hain. Iska simple matlab yeh hai ke bank ko aane waale deposits ka sirf ek chhota sa hissa (fraction) reserve mein rakhna hota hai. Baaki ka paisa woh aage loan par ghooma dete hain.

Sochiye aapne bank mein Rs100 jama (deposit) kiye. Bank ke rules ke mutabiq, use sirf Rs10 reserve mein rakhne hain. Baaki Rs90 usne kisi aur ko loan par de diye. Jis shakhs ko loan mila, usne woh Rs90 kisi dukandar ko diye, jisne wapas Rs90 kisi doosre bank mein deposit kar diye. Doosra bank Rs9 reserve rakhega, aur Rs81 aage loan de dega. Yeh chain chalti rehti hai: Rs100 -> Rs90 -> Rs81 -> Rs72...
Aakhir mein, aapke ek original Rs100 deposit ne poori economy mein cycle chalne ke baad lagbhag Rs1,000 ka naya paisa (credit) paida kar diya. Yeh paisa kisi printing press mein nahi chapta - yeh bas computer mein ki gayi digital entries hoti hain.

Is system ki power ne economy ko bohot tezi se grow karne diya. Businesses ko aasaani se loans mile, logon ko ghar kharidne ke liye paisa mila, aur trade fast ho gaya. Lekin is growth ka ek bada dark side (khatarnaak hissa) bhi hai.

Sochiye: Agar economy mein chalne wala zyada tar paisa asal mein 'karz' (loan) ka paisa hai, toh kya hoga jis din sab apna paisa nikalne bank aa jaenge (Bank Run)?

Key Takeaway

Fractional reserve banking ka matlab hai bank deposits ka sirf thoda hissa (reserve) rakhna aur baaki loan de dena. Ek simple Rs100 ka deposit cycle bankar hazaron rupaye ka paisa 'paida' karta hai.

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