Central Banks Ka Janam (Bank of England)
1694 mein England ka khazana France ke khilaf jang mein bilkul khaali ho chuka tha. Tab ek Scottish merchant, William Paterson, ek ajeeb proposal lekar Raja ke paas gaya.
Paterson ne King William III se kaha, 'Hum aapko 12 lakh pounds ka loan denge, lekin ek shart par. Humein ek central bank banane ki ijazat chahiye jo is loan ke badle official kaghaz ke notes chhaap sakega.'
Yahan se duniya ka pehla modern Central Bank - 'Bank of England' paida hua. Us din paisa chhaapne ki monopoly government (raja) ke haath se nikal kar ek private banking institution ke haath mein chali gayi.
Is proposal ne modern finance ki neev rakhi. Ab tak goldsmiths aur private banks apne notes chhaapte the jin par log trust nahi karte the. Lekin Bank of England ke notes par government ka thappa (stamp) tha, isliye log unhe 'Paisa' samajhne lage. Khufiya baat yeh thi ke yeh bank asal mein private logon ne mil kar banaya tha.
Sochiye: Agar desh ka paisa chhaapne wali entity khud private logon ke control mein ho, toh economy ka steering wheel kiske haath mein hoga?
Key Takeaway
Central banks originally sarkari idaaray nahi the, balki private banks the jinhe government ne loan ke badle pure desh ka paisa (currency) issue karne ka special hak (monopoly) de diya tha.